Melanotan I (Afamelanotide)
Contents
What is Melanotan I (Afamelanotide)?
Melanotan I, also known as afamelanotide, is a synthetic analog of α-MSH developed to stimulate melanin production in the skin. Unlike tanning through ultraviolet (UV) exposure, Melanotan I induces pigmentation by activating melanocytes directly. This compound initially gained research importance for its role in treating rare photosensitivity disorders. Afamelanotide is currently approved in several countries for the treatment of erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), a condition marked by extreme sensitivity to sunlight. In the cosmetic space, this medication works by inducing tanning without causing the negative effects of UV light, which is the most important cause of skin cancer.
How Does Melanotan I Work?
Melanotan I selectively activates the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) on melanocytes in the skin. This stimulation increases the production of eumelanin, the darker form of melanin that provides protection against UV radiation. Increased eumelanin helps absorb and disperse UV energy, reducing skin damage and pain from sun exposure.
In contrast to melanotan II, melanotan I is limited in its action, only activating one type of melanocortin receptor (MC1R). Melanotan II is has greater effects, not only tanning skin but also suppressing appetite and increasing sexual arousal.
What is Melanotan I used for?
Established and investigated uses include:
- Erythropoietic protoporphyria (FDA- and EMA-approved)
- Photoprotection in severe sun sensitivity disorders
- Adjunct treatment in vitiligo (under investigation)
- Cosmetic use (tanning)
Melanotan I Side Effects
Side effects can include nausea, headache, flushing, and darkening of existing freckles or moles. Because pigmentation changes occur, regular skin monitoring is recommended. Long-term studies have not demonstrated an increased risk of skin cancer.
Melanotan I Dosing Protocol (for Research)
Melanotan I research protocols call for administration under the skin (subcutaneously). Importantly, it does not matter where it is injected, it will cause the skin to uniformly tan as it travels through the bloodstream. The recommended research/educational dosing protocol is as follows:
- 1First 10 days (loading phase): 0.25 – 0.5 mg once daily
- 2Day 11 and beyond (maintenance phase): 0.5 mg – 1 mg once weekly, depending on desired effect
Recommended Melanotan I Source (for Research)
